Self-aligning pulley



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Feb. l, 1944. R. F. HLAVATY 'SELF-ALIGNING PULLEY a v www @Qr i i@ v. n w N m -Q .Q

` R. F. HLAvA'rY 2,340,751) SELF-ALIGNING PULLEY v V 'Filed Nov. 7, 1941 K 5 shets-sheet 4 Feb. 1, 1944.

Few@ 19%] v R. F. HLAVATY SELF-ALIGNING PULLEY 5 .Sheets-Sheec 5 Filed Nov. '7, 1941 Patented. Feb. l, i944 SELF-.omonimo ernaar Rudolph nmovoty, oiooro, in. Apolioeeoo November 7,1041, senor No. 418,208

(ci. @1i-241) 29 Claims.

This invention relates to a. self-aligning means, and while it is shown herewith as applied to a self-aligning pulley, it is not limited to that use, and may be applied to any rotary member which it is desirable to supply with self-aligning means. in a broad sense, therefore, it comprises a. selfa'ligning, generally cylindrical member. It may be appiied to a pulley which is associated with a belt of any type, and it has, therefore, for one object, to provide self-aligning means for a rotary member.

Another object is to providey automatic self-l aligning means r a roller, which may be associated with a belt, a line, a chain, an apron, a screen, or any other member which runs in contact with the rotary member.

Another object is to provide a self-aligning pulley associated with a conveying belt or apron, and it may be embodied in a pulley which is driven or is a driver or is merely an idler.v

Another object is to provide in connection with a rotary member surface parts which are selfaligning in response to the movement of some other part associated with the rotary member, when the former part gets into misalignment with the main rotary member.

Other objects will appear from time to time throughout the specication and claims.

This invention is illustrated more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a plan view of one formof the invention. l

Figure 2 is a. longitudinal section taken at line 2 -2 of Figure l, on an enlarged scale.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section shown on the same scale as Figure 2,V but in a plane at right angies to that of Figures 2, with parts shown in plan and parts broken away.

Figure i is a plan view of the main rotary niember.

Figure 5 is a side elevation ci one of the surrace members.

Figure S is an end view of the members shown in Figure 5.

Figure I is a transverse section taken ,at line i-l of Figure 2.

Figure 8 is a transverse section taken at line 8-8 of Figure 2.

Figure 9 is a view generally similar to Figure 2, showing on a reduced scale a modified form.

Figure 10 is a longitudinal sectional view taken on an enlarged scale at line i-i of Figure 9.

Figure l1 is a transverse section taken at line ii-ii of Figure 9.'

Figure 12 is a view generally similar to Figure 2, illustrating a further modication.

Figure 13 is a. transverse section taken at line 'showing a modiiied form of ball race.

Like parts are indicatedlby likecharacters throughout the specification and the drawings.

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As shown in the rst eight figures, the device includes a main rotor or shaft which includes a central portion l, which in the particular form shown is of substantially square cross section..

At each end there is a reduced portion 2, and a further reduced portion 3. The reduced portion 3 is carried in suitable bearings d. one of the reduced portion 4 may carry a gear 5, by means .of which the vdevice is driven. although as above pointed out, the invention may be applied to an idler'as well as to a driving or' driven member. Y

The centralsportion I is provided with one or more periorations 5, which extend through it,

and as shown, two of these perforations extend diametrlcally through the member, and two other periorations extend diametrically through the member, but in a plane at right angles to that of the nrst two perforations. The outer squared faces of the portion l are provided with a plurality oi ball races e. Any desirable number of ball races may be provided.

Upon each face of the member i is mounted a surface member 9. As showny particularly in Figures 7 and-8, these surface members are nat on one side, as at iii, and rounded on the other side, as at ii, and each of themsis provided with a number or ball races i2, and the ball races on the inner .face of each surface member correspond in number and location to the ball races on the corresponding face 1g the member l, and balls l are positioned to li` partly in a ball race l and partly in a ball race i2. Oppositely placed surface members are yieldingly held together by springs itl, which pass through the perforations e, and which are engaged at their opposite ends to tw'o of the surfacemembers s. Each surface member t is provided with an extending portion iii, which extends beyond that portion of it upon which the belt will normally be positioned. This portion, as shown, is the same size and shape as the :nain portion of the member, and upon it At one end, Y

' races 49, whose number and is secured a member I8, which carries a laterally directed arm I1 at the outer end of which is a belt contacting portion I8. As shown in Figures 6 and 7 in particular, the total member formed of the parts I 6, I1, and I8 is curved to conform to the general curvature of the assembly.

Member I9 is an apron or belt positioned about the pulley, and as shown it contacts the surface members 9. The belt or apron I9, as shown in Figure 1, is supported at its opposite end by a pulley or rotor 20, which is reduced as 2| and provided with a final reduced portion 22 at each end, and these reduced portions are received in bearings 28. Obviously both pulleys might be of a self-aligning type, and a number of self-.aligning pulleys might be associated together in a given installation. For purposes of simplicity, however, only one is shown herewith.

In the form shown in Figures 9, 10, and 11, the

parts are somewhat similar to those shown in the earlier gures. There is a central body 24- whichis of generally rectangular cross section and which may have 'rounded corners, as at 25, along a portion of its length, although these may be omitted, and it is provided with reduced portions 26 which are received in bearings 21. The body portion 24 is provided with pairs of perforations 28, two of which extend across from eachV pair of opposite faces and contain springs 28,

which are engaged'tov opposite surface members.

The faces'of the member 24 are provided with a plurality of ball races 30 in which are positioned balls 8|.

Each of the faces of the member 24 has positioned alongit a surface member 32. ,'.l'hese members are flat on their inner faces, as at 33, and are rounded exteriorly, as at 34, to forma substantially round and substantially continuous belt contacting face. 'Ihe surface members 82' are provided on their inner or flat faces with bali races 35, which are positioned opposite to corresponding ball races 30` on' the member 24, and

into which the balls 3| extend. Each of the surface members 32 is provided at its ends with a portion 86 of reduced thickness, and upon each of thesef portions is mounted a roller 31, which ahem in puce upona stud as. collars as are positioned one at each end of the surface Amembers, so that the collars lie about the reduced portions at the ends of the surface members. As shown particularly in Figure 10,-the eoliars 39 are of reduced thickness toward one end, .as at 4|).

A further modified form is shown in Figures 12 to 15, inclusive. As there shown, the device comprises a main body section 4|, which is squared to provide for flat faces, and each face is provided witha plurality of ball races 42, in which balls 43 are positioned. At each .end the member 4I is reduced to form which are received in bearings 45.

Upon each face of the member 4| is positioned a surface member 46, which has a generally flat inner face 41 and an arcuate outer face 48. The inner face 41 is provided with a plurality of ball position correspond to those of the ball races 42.

As a means for fastening-the surface members the portions 44, ou

in place, the body 4| isprovided with perforafrom one surface member to the other member A53. It serves as a bearing. Positioned on each side of the washer 53 may be members Il,

formed of rubber or similar material. 'Ihey are to some degree confined and held in place by rings 58. At each end each pin 82 extends into one of the surface members 46, and each surface member is provided with a pocket or depression 61, which may be lined with a member 58 of rubber or analogousfmaterial, and thus the pins are cushioned at their centers and at their ends.

At its end each surface member 46 is cut away as at 59 to provide a projection 80, and upon each projection 60 there is journaled a pair of links 8|. These links at their opposite ends are journaled on a tongue or projection 62 which is formed on a member 83. 'I'he upper face of each member 83 comprises an arcuate portion 64. Extending from each member 63 is a bearing portion 85 which is mounted in a groove or notch 66 and formed in an adjacent part of the member 4I, and it is held in place by a keeper 81, which is itself secured by means of a screw 68.

There is shown-in Figure 16 a modified form of ball race arrangement which is applicable primarily to the forms of the rst 11 figures. As shown in those figures, the various ball races are of rounded or tapered shape, so that a curved incline is provided. h1 the form of Figure 16, which may for example be applied to Figure '4. the body member I of the rotor is provided with a ball race 69 which has two straight P0rt1ons 10, meeting at the center at 1I, and a ball 12 is positioned in this ball race. 'I'he surface member 9 is provided with a Acorresponding ball race 13, which has two straight portions 13a meeting at the center, as at ,14. The forms of the device in which the ball race is tapered may embody a1- most any shape of ball race, and the purpose of the invention will be carried 'out if the ball race is provided with a deeper portion and with a shallower portion.

It will be realized that whereas I have described and shown a practical and-operative embodiment offmy invention and the method for carrying it out, nevertheless many changes may be made in the size, sha number and 'disposition of parts and in the details and steps of such method without departing from the spirit of my invention. I therefore wish my descriptionand drawings to be taken as in a broad sense illustrative or diagrammatic, rather than as lim' member I8 overlaps or projects forward over the surface member 9, which carries it, and therefore when the misalignment occurs over a given surface member 9, it is the next or following surface member which is moved out of place by the contact of the misaligned belt with the member I8,

and thereafter as the pulley rotates the mis- 'I aligned belt is next received upon the following misaligned belt will contact one of the memassorto member 9, which has been moved in the direction of misalignment. .As the previously moved surface member comes under the full pressure of the belt, it moves back to the central or neutral position This occurs because the full pressure of the belt upon the surface member tends to carry that member back to the neutral position or to hold that member in the neutral position. The shape of the ball races d and I2 is such that when pressure is exerted on any surface member 9 by the belt, the ball races and the balls under the influence of .this pressure cause or tend to cause the surface member 9, which is at that time subject to the belt pressure, to move the central or neutral position, and thus if a surface member has been moved out of the neutrai position. By reason of the contact of a misaligned belt with one of its members IB, it

will come under the full pressure of the belt in' this misaiigned position, but will then move back to the properlyaligned or neutral position and will thus carry the belt back in the direction opposite that into which it had moved upon being misaligned.

A modified form is shown in Figures 9, 10, and' 11, and as thereshown a wedge ring 39, 50 takes the place of the members I8. As shown in Figure 9, the belt is properly aligned, and as shown in Figure 10 it has moved out of alignmentl sufficiently to contact and depress the edge l!! of the wedge ring 39, and this movement has caused the opposite side of the ring to move to the left, carrying with it the opposite surface member 32. When now this surface member, as the pulley rotates, is brought under the full compression of the belt-i. e., when it moves from what is the bottom'position of Figure l0 -to the top position of Figure lllit will be under such pressure that the shape of the ball races 3d and in cooperation with the balls 3i will cause it to move back to the central or neutral position,

and as it moves backward to the neutral position, it of course carries with it the belt upon it and thus corrects the misalignment. In Figure lil, although the surface members have been described as being the top or bottom, or as being in the top and bottom positions, it is important to recognize that what is really meant is the position of the greatest pressure. In other words, at a given moment one surface member may be subject to the greatest pressure from the belt,

and the opposite surface member subject tono pressure, and the two surface members between them, which are of course opposite to each other, will be subject to little or no pressure. Therefore, a. misaligned belt will hold the surface member against which it is most heavily bearing in the neutral' position, but at the same time it may contact a member i3 or contact or climb up upon a wedge ring S9, Bil, and when this occurs .it can cause movement of the opposite surface member. since that member is under no pressure from the belt. This effect, of course,V

is possible and takes place in all the forms of the In the form of Figures 12-15 inclusive, there is a modified construction in'which instead .of a. single wedge ring, a plurality of blocks 83,

which may be called wedge blocks, may be used.

They are arcuate in shape,as Vshown in Figure 13. The parts are shown properly aligned in Figure 12 and mi'saligned in Figure 15. As there shown the belt has moved to the left and has ridden up on one of the blocks 83, forcing it downward. This, because of the link 6i. to some 75 member and on degree has'moved the upper surface momma', which is under the full belt compression, to the right. A reverse movement has been transmitted to the lower surface member 6b, which is not under belt compression. Then member E3 is rigid and has a bearing in the ring 5d and when its upper end is carried to the right, its lower end moves correspondingly to the left, and therefore -the misalignment of the upper member de has caused an opposite movement of the lower member d6, which when it comes under the pressure of the belt will be in a position somewhat to the left of the neutral or properly aligned position, and it will resume its proper position as soon as the belt no longer contactsor rides up upon one of the blocks 63.

I claim:

L In combination in a self-aligning rotor, a body and a plurality of ably positioned thereon, said surface members forming in effect the outer surface of the rotor, and means in said rotor for correctingmisalignment of a belt with which said rotoris in contact, said means including pairs of cooperating in clined depressions posi ioned on said body member and on said surface members, and rotary members in said\pairs of depressions.

2. In combination in a self-aligning rotor, a body and a plurality of surface members moveably positioned thereon, said surface members forming in effect the outer surface of the rotor,

and means in said rotor for correcting misalignment of a. ben; with which said rotor is in con- Y rotary members in said pairs of depressions, and guiding members positioned on each of said surface members.

3. In combinationin a self-aligning rotor, a g

body and a plurality of surface members moveably positioned thereon, said surface members forming in effect the outer surface of the rotor,

and means in said rotor for correcting misa1ign ment of a belt with which said rotcrxis in contact,

said means including pairs of cooperating inclined depressions positioned on said body member and on said surface members, and rotary members in said pairs of depressions, and guiding members 4positioned on each of said surface members, in a position to be contacted by a member which is 1n engagement with said aurface member.

d. In combinationin a self-aligning rotor, a body and a plurality of surface members moveably positioned thereon, said surface v'members forming in effect the outer surface of the rotor, and means in said rotor for correcting misalignment of a belt with which said rotor is in contact, said means including pairs of cooperating inclined depressions positioned on said burlyv member and on said surface members, and Y rotary members in said pairs of depressions, and

guiding members positioned on each of said surface members and extending laterally over an adjacent surface member.

5. In combination in a self-aligning rotor, a

body and a plurality of surface members moveably positioned thereon, said surface members forming in eiect the outer surface of the rotor, and means in said rotor for correcting misalignment of a belt with vwhich rotor is in con tact; said means including pairsr of cooperating inclined depressions positioned on said body surface members movesaid surface memberaand rotary members in said pairs of depressions,

and guiding members positioned on each of said surface members and extending laterally over an adjacent surface member 1n a position to be contacted by a member 'which is in engagement with said surface member.

6. In combination in a self-aligning pulley, a

main body member `and a plurality of surface forming members moveably positioned thereon, there being cooperating pairs of inclined grooves,

, one of each pair being formed in the body member and the other of each pair being formed in n a surface member, and rotary said pairs of grooves.

7. In combination in a self-aligning pulley, a main body member and a plurality of surface forming members mveably positioned thereon, there being cooperating pairs of inclined grooves,

parts in each of one of each pair being formed in the body member and the other of eachpair being formed in a surface member, and rotaryparts in each of said pairs of grooves, yielding means tending to hold oppositely placed pairs of surface members together.

8. In combination in a self-'aligning pulley, a main body member and a plurality of surface forming members moveably positioned thereon, therebeing cooperating pairs of inclined grooves, one of each pair being formed in the body member and the other of each pair being formed in a surface member, and rotary parts in each of said pairs of grooves, and adjusting members positioned onel on each end of each surface member. Y

9. In combination in a self-aligning pulley, a main body memberand a plurality of surface forming members moveably positioned thereon, there being cooperating pairs of inclined grooves, one of each pair being formed in the body member and the other of each pair being formed in a surface member, and rotary parts in eachof said pairs of grooves, and adjusting members positioned one on each end of each surface member and extending beyond said surface member to` ward an adjacent surface member and in position to be contacted by a belt which is engaging another surface member.

10. In combination in a self-aligning pulley,

a main body member and a plurality of surface forming members moveably positioned thereon, there being cooperating pairs of inclined grooves, one of each pair being formed in the body member and the other of each pair being formed in a surface member, and rotary parts in each of said pairs of grooves, yielding means tending to hold oppositely placed pairs of surface members together, and adjusting members positioned one on each end of each surface member and extending beyond said surface member toward an adjacent surface member and in position to be contacted by a belt which is engaging another surface member.

11. In combination in a self-aligning pulley,

-an elongated pulley body with a plurality 0f body member, and the other groove of each pairbeing formed in the adjacent surface member, and a rolling .wedge member positioned in each pair of grooves, and an adjusting member positioned on each end of each surface member and extending over an adjacent surface member, and lying in position to be contacted by a belt positioned about said pulley.

12. In combination in a self-aligning rotor, a body and a plurality of surface members moveably positioned thereon, saidv surface members forming in eifect the outer surface of the rotor, and means in said rotor for correcting misalignment of a belt with which said rotor is in contact. said means including pairs of cooperating inclined depressions positioned on said body member and on said surface members, and rotary members in said pairs of depressions, and means for moving said surface members laterally with respect to said body in response to misalignment and means in said rotor for correcting misalignment of a belt with which said rotor is in contact, said means including pairs of cooperating inclined depressions positioned on said body lmember and on said surface members, and rotary members in said pairs of depressions, and means for moving said surface members laterally with respect to said body in response to misalignment of said belt. said means comprising a part positioned tobe contacted by a., misa.ligned belt and to move an adjacent surface member in the same direction as that in which the misalignment has occurred.

i 14. In combination in a self-aligning rotor, a body and a plurality of surface members moveably positioned thereon, said surface members forming in effect the outer surface of the rotor. and means in said rotor for correcting misalignment of a belt with which said rotor is in contact, said means including pairs lof cooperating inclined depressions positioned on said body member and on said surface members, and rotary members in said pairs of depressions, and means for moving said surface members laterally with respect to said body in response to misalignment of said belt, said means including a lever arm extending from a surface member and overlying an adjacent surface'member.

15. In combination in a self-aligning rotor, a

" body and a plurality of surface members moveably positionedthereon, said surface members forming in effect the outer surface of the rotor. and means in said rotor for correcting misalignrnent of a. belt with which said rotor is in contact, said means including pairs of cooperating inciined depressions positioned on said body member and on said surface members, and rotary members in said pairs of depr ons, and means for moving said surface members laterally with respect to said body in response to misalignment of said belt. said means including a wedge mem- `body and a plurality of surface bei positioned for rotation on said body and inciuding means adapted towedge a surface membei' in response to misaiignment of the belt.

16. In combination in a self-aligning rotor, a

members moveably positioned thereon, said surface members forming in effect the outer surface of the rotor, and means in said rotor for correcting misalignment of a belt with which said rotor is in contact, said means including pairs of cooperating inclined depressions positioned on said body member and on said surface members, and rotary members in said pairs of depressions, and means for movassenso to said body in response to misalignment oi said belt, said means including a wedge member pasitioned for rotation on said body and including means adapted to wedge a surface'member in response to misalignment oi the belt, said movement occurring in the opposite direction irom that oi the belt misalignment, and means for simultaneously communicating seid surface member movement to the oppositely placed surface member and for moving it in the direction opposite to that in which the first mentioned surface member has moved. y

17. In a self-aligning pulley, a pulley body, means for supporting it for rotation, and a plurality of belt engaging elements moveably mounted on said body and adapted to be interposed between said body and a belt passing thereabout, said moveable elements being longitudinally mpveable along said pulley body, said pulley being mounted for rotation about a normally xed axis, and members positioned on said belt engaging elements for movingI said pulley-engaging elements, said last-mentioned members being positioned to be contacted by said belt. upon the occurrence of misalignment and being moveable in response tomisalignment of the belt.

18. In a self-aligning pulley, a pulley body, means for supporting it for rotation, and a plurality of belt-engaging elements moveably mounted on said body and adapted to be interposed between said body r'and a belt passing thereabout, said moveable elements being longitudinally moveable along said pulley body, and pressureresponsive means mounted on each end o! said belt-engaging elements for moving a pulley-engaging element in response to belt pressure into a proper alignment with respect to the pulley body4 when said pulley engaging element is subject to pressure from the belt.

19. ln a self-aligning pulley, a pulley body, means for supporting it forrotation, and an even number oi pulley engaging elements moveably mounted on said body and adapted to be interposed between said body and a belt passing thereabout, said moveable elements being longitudinally moveable along said pulley body, and means moveable with said body, for giving said pulley engaging elements longitudinal movement, and a rigid member connecting oppositely placed pulley engaging elements.

2li. In a soli-aligning pulley, a pulley body. means for supporting it for rotation, and an even number of pulley engaging elements moveably mounted on said body and adapted to be inter- 5 posed between said body and a, belt passing thereabout, said moveable elements being longitudinally moveable along said pulley body in response to belt mlsalignment, and means moveable with member connecting oppositely placed pulley engaging elements, Y

22. In a self-aligning pulley, a pulley body, means for supporting it for rotation, and an even number of pulley-engaging elements moveably mounted on said body and adapted to be interposed between said body and a belt passing thereabout. said moveable elements being longitudinelly moveable along said' pulley body, and pressure-responsive means for moving a pulley-enga'ging element into a proper alignmentwitli respect to the pulley body when said pulley engaging element is subject topressure from the belt, and a rigid member connecting oppositely placed pulley engaging elements.

23. In a self-aligning pulley, a pulley body, means for supporting it for rotation, and an even number oi pulley engaging elements moveably mounted on said body and adapted to be interposed between said body and a belt passing thereabout, said moveable elements being longitudinally moveable along said pulley body,v and means moveable with said body for giving saidpulley engagingblements longitudinal movement, and a rigid member connecting oppositely placed pulley engaging elements, and cushion means engaging the ends of said rigid members in oppositely positioned pulley engaging elements, and cushion means interposed between said rigid members and said pulley body at a point intermediate the ends of said rigid members.y

said body, for giving said pulley engaging ele- '60 ments longitudinal movement, and arigid member connecting oppositely placed pulley engaging elements.

2l. Inra self-aligning pulley, a pulley body means for supporting it for rotation, and an eyen @5 number oipulley engaging elements moveably' mounted on said body and adapted to be interposed between said body and a belt passing thereabout, said moveable elements being longitudi-` nally moveable along said pulley body, said pulley being mounted for rotation about a normally Wed ams, and members positioned on said pulley for moving said pulley-engaging elements,

' said last-mentioned members being moveable in response to misalginment of the belt, and a rigid l5 24. In 'a self-aligning pulley, a pulley body, means for supporting it for rotation, and an even number of pulley engaging elements moveably as mounted on said body and adapted to be interposed between said body and a belt passing thereabout, said moveable elements being longitudinally moveable along said pulley body in response to belt misalignment, and means moveable with do said body, for giving said pulley-engaging elements longitudinal movement, and a rigid member connecting oppositely placed pulley engaging elements, and cushion means engaging the ends of said rigid members in oppositely positioned pulley engaging elements and cushion means interposed between said rigid members and said pulley body at e, point intermediate the ends o said rigid members.

25, ln a self-aligning pulley, a pulley body,

4vmeans for supporting it for rotation, and an even number of pulley 'engaging elements moveabiy mounted on said body and adapted to be interposed between said body and a belt passing thereabout, said moveable elements being longitudinally moveable along said pulley body, said pulley being mounted for rotation about a normally xed axis, and members positioned on said pulley i'or moving said pulley-engaging elements, said last-,mentioned members being moveable in response to misalignment of the belt, and a rigid member connecting oppositely placed pulley engaging elements, and cushion means engaging the ends of said rigid members in oppositely positioned pulley engaging elements, and lcushion means interposed between said rigid members and said pulley body at a point intermediate the ends of saidrigid members.. f

- 26. In a self-aligning pulley, a pulley body, means for supporting it for rotation, and an even number of pulley-engaging elements moveably vmounted on said body and adapted toV be intereasing elements.

engagingv element into a proper alignment with respect to the pulley body when said pulley engaging element is subject to pressure from the belt, and a rigid member connecting oppositely placed pulley engaging elements, and cushion means engaging the ends of said rigid members in oppositely positioned pulley engaging elemounted on said body and adapted to be interposed between said body and a belt passing thereabout, said moveable elements being longitudinally moveable along said pulleyv body, land means moveable with said body. for giving saidpulley engaging elements longitudinal-movement, said last-mentioned means comprising wedge members pivotally supported on said body, and links joining said wedges with saidpulley en- 28. In a. Seli-aligning pulley, a pulley body.'

means for supporting it for rotation, and a plurality oi' belt-engaging elements movably mount-l ed on said |body and adapted to be interposed between said body, and a belt passing'thereabout, said movable elements being` longitudinally movable along said pulley body. and means secured upon each end of said belt-engaging elements and movable with each of them, for giving said belt-engaging elements longitudinal movement, said means positioned to be contacted by said belt, upon the occurrence oi misalignment.

29. Ina self-aligning pulley, a pulley body, means for supporting it for rotation, and a plurality of belt-engaging elements movably mounted on said body and adapted to be interposed tween said body and a belt passing thereabout, said movable elements being longitudinally movable along said pulley body in response to belt misalignment, and means secured upon each end of said belt-engagingk elements and movable with each of them for giving said belt-engaging elements longitudinal movement, said means positioned to be contacted by said belt, upon the occurrence of misaiignment.

' RUDOLPH F. HLAVATY. 

